摘要:
小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)是偶蹄目鹿科麂属动物, 在我国种群数量丰富, 分布广泛, 但关于小麂在不同区域的空间分布及活动节律的差异性研究相对较少。为掌握小麂的活动节律及其影响因素, 2018年3月至2019年2月利用红外相机技术对江西省桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护区、九岭山国家级自然保护区和齐云山国家级自然保护区的小麂进行了监测, 每个保护区的红外相机数量均为60台, 相机工作日分别为9 692、9 659、14 582 d, 小麂的独立有效照片数分别为603、665、1 032张, 并运用单季节占域模型估算了各地区小麂的占域率和探测率, 分析了海拔、坡度、植被覆盖度以及距水源地距离等环境变量对小麂活动规律以及分布范围的影响。结果表明, 桃红岭保护区和九岭山保护区的小麂偏好于海拔较低、坡度较小、植被指数较低、距水源地距离较近的区域; 齐云山保护区的小麂偏好于海拔较高、坡度较大、植被指数较高、距水源地距离较近的区域。小麂为明显的晨昏性动物, 日活动高峰出现在06:00-08:00和17:00-19:00。其日活动节律在齐云山存在显著季节差异, 桃红岭保护区和九岭山保护区则无显著季节差异, 各保护区之间的年活动节律不存在显著差异。该研究结果有助于进一步了解小麂的活动节律模式及其季节性变化, 进一步了解小麂在自然状态下的生态习性, 为这一物种的保护和管理提供数据支撑。
Abstract:
Muntiacus reevesi (muntjac), belonging to the Cetartiodactyla, Cervidae family, exhibits substantial population and wide distribution in China. There have been relatively few studies on its spatial distribution and variability of activity rhythms. To understand the activity rhythm of muntjac and its influencing factors, muntjac activity in Taohongling Sika Deer National Nature Reserve, Jiuling Mountain National Nature Reserve and Qiyun Mountain National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province was monitored using infrared camera technology from March 2018 to February 2019. Each reserve had 60 infrared cameras, and the effective camera days were 9 692, 9 659, and 14 582 d, respectively. In the aforementioned three reserves, the number of independent effective photographs of muntjac were 603, 665, and 1 032 pieces, respectively. The single-season occupancy model was applied to assess the effects of environmental variables, such as elevation, slope, vegetation cover, and distance to water source, on the activity and distribution range of muntjac. The results reveal that muntjacs in Taohong ling and Jiuling Mountain reserves preferred areas with lower elevation, gentle slope, lower vegetation index, and closer distance to water sources, whereas muntjacs in Qiyun Mountain reserve preferred areas with higher elevation, steeper slope, higher vegetation index, and closer distance to water sources. The muntjac was an evident crepuscular species, with peak activity times of 06:00-08:00 and 17:00-19:00. The daily activity rhythms of the muntjac did not have significantly seasonal difference in Taohongling and Jiuling Mountain Reserves; however, there were significant seasonal fluctuations in Qiyun Mountain. There was no significant difference in annual activity rhythms among the reserves. The results of this study can help to further understand the activity rhythm pattern of the muntjac and its seasonal variation, as well as its ecological habits in its natural state, and provide scientific and data support for the conservation and management of this species.