襀翅目(Plecoptera)源自希臘語“pleco”，意為「折疊」，以及“ptera”，意為「翅膀」，這指的是後翅的摺疊形狀，當昆蟲靜止時，後翅會折疊在前翅下方。Greek Origins of Name: Plecoptera, derived from the Greek “pleco” meaning folded and “ptera” meaning wing, refers to the pleated hind wings which fold under the front wings when the insect is at rest.種的俗名 Common names of members

石蠅

Stoneflies

分佈 Distribution

除了南極洲外，分布於每個大洲。

Every continent except Antarctica

形態描述Morphology

長分段的觸角

結實的腿，末端有兩個爪

腹部末端有一對感覺器（尾肢）

兩對膜狀翅膀，具有複雜的脈絡

幼蟲看起來像無翅成蟲，頭部後方有外部鰓

Long segmented antennae

Robust legs that end in 2 claws

Paired cerci (appendages at the rear most segment) at the end of their abdomen

Two pairs of membranous wings with complex venation

Nymphs look like wingless adults with external gills behind the head

生態與棲息地 Habitat & Ecology

氧氣濃度高的水生棲息地，如池塘或湖泊。

Aquatic habitats with high oxygen concentration such as ponds or lakes

食性 Diet

幼蟲以死去的植物、藻類或大型無脊椎動物為食；一些成蟲以植物為食，但某些物種不進食。

Nymphs feed on dead vegetation, algae or macroinvertebrates; some adults feed on vegetation but some species do not feed

小知識 Fun Fact

石蠅對水污染非常敏感，可以作為水質的重要指標。與蜉蝣類似牠們的成蟲階段主要用於交配，壽命短暫。

Stoneflies are very sensitive to water pollution and can be used as important indicators for water quality. Similar to Mayflies, their adult phase is primarily for mating and dies quickly.

已知的物種 Total species known 3,500博物館收藏的物種 Species in the collection 27在香港已知的物種 Species in Hong Kong 10Reference

Hoell, H.V.; Doyen, J.T. & Purcell, A.H. (1998). Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 383–386. ISBN 978-0-19-510033-4.

Nelson, Riley. "Clean water has bugs in it, says BYU Biology Professor Riley Nelson". Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2013.

Voshell, Jr., J. Reese; illustrated by Amy Bartlett Wright. 2002. A Guide to Common Freshwater Invertebrates of North America. Blacksburg (VA): The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company. 442 p

Romolo Fochetti & José Manuel Tierno de Figueroa (2008) [Originally published in Hydrobiologia Vol. 595 in 2008]. "Global diversity of stoneflies (Plecoptera; Insecta) in freshwater". In E. V. Balian; C. Lévêque; H. Segers & K. Martens (eds.). Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment. Developments in Hydrobiology. Vol. 198. pp. 365–377. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8259-7_39. hdl:2067/1437. ISBN 978-1-4020-8258-0.

Kwok, Alan & 戴亞香, Ada. (2020). Plecoptera 襀翅目 (石蠅) @iN. 10.13140/RG.2.2.29380.19842.